The future of Japan’s iconic shinkansen bullet trains is fast approaching, as plans for automatic driving systems gain momentum. Central Japan Railway Co. and East Japan Railway Co. have set their sights on commercializing driverless technology in the coming years, revolutionizing travel on the Tokaido and Joetsu Shinkansen lines.
A Glimpse into the Automated Journey
In a recent test conducted by JR Central, an automatic train operating system (ATO) was put to the test on the Tokaido Shinkansen Line. The trial involved a train departing from Hamamatsu Station, showcasing its ability to accelerate, decelerate, and respond to instructions autonomously. With a minor deviation of just 9 millimeters (0.35 inches) in the stop position and a 2-second arrival time error, the trial was deemed a resounding success by JR Central officials.
Differing Approaches on the Tracks
As development progresses, it becomes evident that the two JR companies have distinct goals for their respective automated systems. The differences reflect the unique characteristics of each route and the varying levels of cost-cutting measures they aim to achieve.
JR Central’s focus lies in adhering to precise departure, transit, and arrival times set in 15-second increments at each station. The company aims to improve passenger comfort and energy efficiency by optimizing acceleration, deceleration, and speed fluctuations. They have set their sights on Grade 2 automation, which requires an operator to be present in the driver’s seat, allowing for timely communication with the command center and quick responses to emergencies.
On the other hand, JR East plans to introduce Grade 3 automation on the Joetsu Shinkansen line. This level of automation would enable train attendants, without driver qualifications, to operate the trains. While a crew member would still be present on board, this approach reduces the costs associated with driver training. JR East also has plans to extend the automated system to the Hokuriku Shinkansen line, located along the Sea of Japan side of central Japan.
Striking a Balance
The choice of automation grades reflects the unique requirements of each shinkansen line. The Tokaido Shinkansen, being one of the busiest routes, necessitates the presence of drivers who can swiftly respond to abnormalities and disruptions in the timetable. The importance of maintaining a high level of passenger safety and service remains paramount for JR Central.
Professor Ryo Takagi, an expert in railroad engineering, notes that Grades 2 and 3 automation do not differ significantly in terms of ATO performance. However, he speculates that JR Central’s decision to prioritize Grade 2 automation stems from the sheer volume of passengers on the Tokaido Shinkansen Line, making it essential for drivers to play a proactive role in emergencies. Takagi emphasizes the importance of introducing automation as a means to reduce work-related stress rather than exploiting train attendants as inexpensive labor.
A Step Towards the Future
As the development of automated shinkansen trains gains momentum, Japan prepares to usher in a new era of rail travel. The introduction of driverless systems is expected to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and provide a smoother and more reliable experience for passengers. While challenges remain, such as ensuring passenger safety and addressing potential disruptions, the shinkansen’s journey toward automation signifies Japan’s commitment to pushing the boundaries of technological innovation in the realm of transportation.
With a target for commercialization set within the next decade, Japan’s shinkansen bullet trains are poised to revolutionize the way people travel across the country. Central Japan Railway Co. and East Japan Railway Co. are diligently working to fine-tune their automated systems, aiming to bring fully autonomous operations to the Tokaido and Joetsu Shinkansen lines.
The advancements in automation technology promise a host of benefits, including improved punctuality, increased operational efficiency, and enhanced passenger comfort. By eliminating the need for human drivers, the potential for human error is significantly reduced, ensuring a safer and more reliable travel experience.
While the testing phase has shown promising results, each JR company faces unique challenges on their respective lines. For JR Central, adhering to strict departure and arrival times set in 15-second increments is of utmost importance. They are focused on optimizing the ATO’s performance to maintain precise schedules and minimize disruptions for passengers. By fine-tuning acceleration, deceleration, and speed fluctuations, JR Central aims to deliver a smooth and comfortable ride.
On the other hand, JR East’s focus lies in cost reduction and operational flexibility. By implementing Grade 3 automation on the Joetsu Shinkansen line, they aim to reduce the need for highly trained drivers and instead rely on train attendants to operate the trains. This approach not only saves on training costs but also opens up new possibilities for workforce allocation and scheduling.
As the development of automated shinkansen systems progresses, the ultimate goal is to achieve higher levels of automation. While Grade 2 automation, with an operator in the driver’s seat, is the current target for JR Central, there is a growing interest in Grade 4 automation, which involves fully autonomous operation without any staff on board. The Yurikamome line in Tokyo, a fully automated transit system, serves as a testament to the possibilities of achieving Grade 4 automation.
However, concerns over safety and emergency response capabilities persist. Both JR Central and JR East acknowledge the importance of having human presence and expertise on board to handle unforeseen situations and ensure passenger safety. While automation brings many advantages, striking a balance between technological innovation and maintaining a human touch is crucial.
As the shinkansen trains gear up for an automated future, it is essential to address not only technical challenges but also the societal implications of this technological leap. Japan has long been at the forefront of technological advancements, and the introduction of automated shinkansen systems further solidifies its position as a leader in transportation innovation.
The development of automated shinkansen bullet trains marks a significant milestone in Japan’s transportation landscape. With the potential to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and provide a seamless travel experience, these advancements have the power to transform rail travel in the country. As Central Japan Railway Co. and East Japan Railway Co. continue to refine their systems, the day when passengers can embark on a driverless journey across the nation draws closer. The future of travel has arrived, and Japan is at the forefront of this exciting revolution in transportation.
© KYODO
